Eisenstein criterion's condition
The question has already some answer here: Irreducibility check for polynomials not satisfying Eisenstein Criterion. In addition, there are some results on how many monic polynomials in $\mathbb{Z}[x]$ can be shown to be irreducible by Eisenstein's crtiterion. For example, less that $1\%$ of the polynomials with at least seven non-zero coefficients are irreducible by Eisenstein (A. Dubickas, 2003).
Edit: To the new question. No, if the constant term is $\pm 1$, we cannot apply Eisenstein directly, and also not in general after a substitution $x\mapsto x+a$ (e.g., $x^3+x+1$). And yes, there are certain rules, called Eisenstein shifts, when you can attempt a substitution. See the article "On shifted Eisenstein polynomials" of R Heyman, I. Shparlinski (2013).
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Comments
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forlorn over 1 year
Proposition: If the constant term is $1$ or $-1$, then we can't use the Eisenstein criterion to determine whether the polynomial is irreducible over $Q$.
Is it right?
Edit
Since directly use is not right. So the proposition is right or not right?
And further question is, When should I try some substitutions to use Eisenstein criterion? Any guidelines and rules?
For example,I found two examples:
$x^7+7x+1$
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lhf about 10 yearsEisenstein's criterion requires that the constant term be a multiple of some prime number $p$. The numbers $\pm 1$ are the only ones that do not have a prime factor.
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Tobias Kildetoft about 10 yearsYes, if the constant term is $1$ then we cannot use Eisenstein directly to prove irreducibility, since there is no prime we could apply it with.
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Arthur about 10 yearsHowever, as the wikipedia link @lhf put forward points out under Examples - Cyclotomic polynomials, substituting $x$ for $(x-1)$ or $(x+1)$ and expanding the brackets, might just make a suitable prime pop out on the other end. Any other substitute $(x+a)$ for an integer $a$ might also work, so while it might be long and tedious to calculate, it might just be worth it in the end.
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Dietrich Burde about 10 yearsSometimes (but rarely) a substitution helps, e.g. $f(x)=x^4+4x^3+10x^2+12x+7$ becomes, after $x\mapsto x+1$, $g(x)=x^4+4x^2+2$, which is irreducible by Eisenstein.
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forlorn about 10 years@DietrichBurde When can I try the substitution, is there any rules?
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Dietrich Burde about 10 yearsYes, for example with $x^3+x+1$ a substitution is useless, see the answer in math.stackexchange.com/questions/458802/….
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Dietrich Burde about 10 yearsYes, but the substitutions you might perform are quite limited, see math.stackexchange.com/questions/458802/….
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forlorn about 10 yearsWhen can I try the substitution, is there any rules?